435 research outputs found
Social Bots: Human-Like by Means of Human Control?
Social bots are currently regarded an influential but also somewhat
mysterious factor in public discourse and opinion making. They are considered
to be capable of massively distributing propaganda in social and online media
and their application is even suspected to be partly responsible for recent
election results. Astonishingly, the term `Social Bot' is not well defined and
different scientific disciplines use divergent definitions. This work starts
with a balanced definition attempt, before providing an overview of how social
bots actually work (taking the example of Twitter) and what their current
technical limitations are. Despite recent research progress in Deep Learning
and Big Data, there are many activities bots cannot handle well. We then
discuss how bot capabilities can be extended and controlled by integrating
humans into the process and reason that this is currently the most promising
way to go in order to realize effective interactions with other humans.Comment: 36 pages, 13 figure
Bootstrapping of Corneal Optical Coherence Tomography Data to Investigate Conic Fit Robustness
Background: Fitting of parametric model surfaces to corneal tomographic measurement
data is required in order to extract characteristic surface parameters. The purpose of this study was to
develop a method for evaluating the uncertainties in characteristic surface parameters using bootstrap
techniques. Methods: We included 1684 measurements from a cataractous population performed
with the tomographer Casia2. Both conoid and biconic surface models were fitted to the height
data. The normalised fit error (height—reconstruction) was bootstrapped 100 times and added to
the reconstructed height, extracting characteristic surface parameters (radii and asphericity for both
cardinal meridians and axis of the flat meridian) for each bootstrap. The width of the 90% confidence
interval of the 100 bootstraps was taken as uncertainty and quoted as a measure of the robustness
of the surface fit. Results: As derived from bootstrapping, the mean uncertainty for the radii of
curvature was 3 µm/7 µm for the conoid and 2.5 µm/3 µm for the biconic model for the corneal
front/back surface, respectively. The corresponding uncertainties for the asphericity were 0.008/0.014
for the conoid and 0.001/0.001 for the biconic. The respective mean root mean squared fit error was
systematically lower for the corneal front surface as compared to the back surface (1.4 µm/2.4 µm for
the conoid and 1.4 µm/2.6 µm for the biconic). Conclusion: Bootstrapping techniques can be applied
to extract uncertainties of characteristic model parameters and yield an estimate for robustness as an
alternative to evaluating repeat measurements. Further studies are required to investigate whether
bootstrap uncertainties accurately reproduce those from repeat measurement analysis
HERRING Governance Report Herring network institutions and governance
The Governance Report presents the research about the governance framework in which the various aspects and sectors that are relevant for spawning ground management are embedded.https://commons.wmu.se/herring/1002/thumbnail.jp
Enantiodivergent Aldol Condensation in the Presence of Aziridine/Acid/Water Systems
A series of novel chiral imines was synthesized from corresponding aldehydes and
1-(2-aminoalkyl)aziridines with good chemical yields. Such imines were tested as catalysts in the
direct asymmetric aldol reaction between aromatic aldehydes and acetone/cyclohexanone in the
presence of catalytic amounts of water and an acidic additive. The corresponding aldol products were
formed in excellent yields and with very high enantioselectivities (98% and 99% ee, respectively).This research was funded by the National Science Centre (NCN), grant number 2013/11/D/ST5/02911,
which was awarded to A.M.P
SNX10 gene mutation leading to osteopetrosis with dysfunctional osteoclasts
Acknowledgements We sincerely thank the patients and family members who participated in this study. We would also like to thank Stefan Esher, Umeå University, for help with genealogy, and Anna Westerlund for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the FOU, at the Umeå university hospital, and the Medical Faculty at Umeå University. The work at University of Gothenburg was supported by grants from The Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Rheumatism Association, the Royal 80-Year Fund of King Gustav V, ALF/LUA research grant from Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg and the Lundberg Foundation. The work at the University of Gothenburg and the University of Aberdeen was supported by Euroclast, a Marie Curie FP7-People-2013-ITN: # 607446.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Deutschlands Corona-Präsidentschaft: Erwartungen der europäischen Partner an die deutsche Führungsrolle
Die Erwartungen der europäischen Partner an die deutsche EU-Ratspräsidentschaft sind durch die Corona-Krise noch einmal gewachsen. Der Erfolg der Bundesregierung bemisst sich insbesondere an der Verabschiedung eines angemessenen Wiederaufbaufonds als Teil des Mehrjährigen Finanzrahmens 2021-2027. Dies setzt eine Überwindung der Interessenkonflikte zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten voraus. Der Bundesregierung wird dabei die Führungsrolle zukommen
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